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What are the contributions of Ibn Sina to Science?
Early Life:
Ibn Sina (Avicenna: in Latin) was born in 980 A.D (10th Century) in the village of Afsana near Bukhara. His full name is Abu Ali Ibn Sina. At the age of ten, he memorized Holly Quran. At the age of sixteen, he dedicated all his efforts to learning medicine. He got the “Status of Physician” at the age of 19. From 1015 to 1022, he was appointed as Vazir to the Prince Shams-Ul-Dawlah of the city Hamadan.
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| Bukhara City |
Avicenna is considered a writer of the Islamic
Golden Age. He performed his work in the field of philosophy of ethics,
astronomy, alchemy, medicine, and metaphysics. Most of his works were written
in the Arabic language as well as the language of science in the
middle east and some were found in the Persian language.
Ibn Sina's inventions, and Contributions to Science:
1)In the Field of Astronomy:-
When he was twenty years old his father passed away after he
went to Jurjan near the Caspian Sea where he delivered teachings about logic
and Astronomy. At that time, he met Abu Rayhan Al- Biruni.
Ibn Sina invented equipment to see and monitor the coordinates of stars. Based on his observations, he declared that stars are “Self-luminous” which means stars require no external energy. The equipment of Ibn Sina was made of two legs pivoted at one end; the lower leg occurs rotation about a horizontal protractor that’s why it shows azimuth While the upper leg contains marked scale to observe the stars. He also observed Venus as a spot against of sun and concluded that Venus is closer to Earth than the Sun.
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| Astronomical Telescope. |
2) In the field of Medical:-
In the field of Medical, Avicenna’s important contribution is
“The book of Canon” which is divided into five volumes
such as General Medicine (Vol 1), Natural Pharmaceuticals (Vol
2), Special pathologies (Vol 3), Systemic Disease (Vol 4), Pharmacies
(Vol 5). The book of Canon contains knowledge concerning all the medicines of
that era. There is complete portion is present for kidney Calculi.
The book provides several information such as drug delivery,
targeting the organ, pain control, and wound healing. His other masterpiece book
is “Book of Healing” (Kitab-ul- Shifa) (The Cure and Assepha said in
scientific name) He began his struggle to write his work from 1014 to 1020
approximately and finally presented it in 1027. He wrote 450 books out of it
around 240 books are found, including 140 on Philosophy and 40 books on medicines
because of his great contribution to medicine he is known as the “Father of
Modern Medicines”
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| Father of Medicines |
3) In the field of Metaphysics:-
Metaphysics is a study that deals with disciplines, knowing,
being, etc. Avicenna had a deep attachment to Islam. Thus, we found that most
of his theories are based on the existence of God. He formed some principles which
help people to understand the inner structure of the world. He formed his great
system in Metaphysics including theology, cosmology, and angelology which lead
him to establish the base of well-known subjects of today’s world such as
Physics, Psychology, and eschatology. Being a Philosopher he introduced
theories for human existence, ideas on souls, and religious beliefs. Because of
his vital contributions to Metaphysics, he reputed the title of “First Great
Muslim Philosopher” of his era.
A short video is presented by I.W.N for Great Scientist Avicenna:
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